english amharic dictionary pdf free download

The analysis of the late colonial grammar draws on comparative data, including (a) primary data that were documented by the author with the last Xinka-speakers in Guazacapán, Santa Rosa, Guatemala between 2000-03, and (b) further secondary linguistic data of Xinkan languages from the towns of Guazacapán, Chiquimulilla, Yupiltepeque, Jumaytepeque, Sinacantán and Jutiapa. The 'Arte de la lengua szinca' is the earliest source on Xinka grammar that is otherwise not well documented or described. Xinka is an isolate family of today mostly extinct, closely related languages in southeastern Guatemala. This dissertation presents a comprehensive description of Xinka based on the missionary grammar 'Arte de la lengua szinca' that was written by the priest Manuel Maldonado de Matos around 1773. Some exemplary results of the regression fits are given. The spatial origin of the Tc-parameter of the MCT equations and the relationship to the limiting volume Vg l are demonstrated. Below this temperature, the solid glass is reached. The viscosity in the glass transformation interval can be described by a function including the Ω-constant and leads to a finite viscosity maximum at Tg g. A general function between all parameters is given for 130 substances of different substance groups indicating a universal behavior. For the range above the normal melting point, at least two of the three parameters of the new viscosity equation are autocorrelated and assigned to the molecular weight. Some exemplary results with excellent performance are given. The equation can be used at higher pressures and up to the critical point with additional pressure-dependent parameters without changing the basic parameters. Comparison with the newly proposed scaling methods, based on equations containing volume and temperature that were first developed by Andrade in 1934, shows that pressure is absolutely essential as an independent variable. The equation is in no case significantly worse and in most cases superior to the well-known equations of Vogel-Fulcher-Tamman (VFT), Doolittle, Avramov and MCT as well as the recently developed equations which do not contain a singularity above absolute zero. The parameter Vg corresponds above Tm to the limiting value Vg l, below Tm equals Vg 0, the specific volume at the time-and history-independent glass transition temperature Tg 0. For simple liquids above Tm, one parameter is remarkably equivalent to the viscosity at the critical point. The equation applies to liquids above and below the melting point Tm, for super-cooled liquids with modified parameters. Based on the new model of molecular translation in liquids (see Part I), an equation has been formulated based on the finding that relative changes in isobaric viscosity are proportional to the relative change in fractional free volume, leading to an equation with three material-dependent parameters.

English amharic dictionary pdf free download